Propyl gallate

What this is

Propyl gallate is a synthetic antioxidant added to foods to keep fats and oils from going rancid. By scavenging oxygen and free radicals, it helps preserve the flavor and color of oily products like vegetable oils, processed meats, soups, and snack foods. In the U.S., propyl gallate is listed by the FDA as a Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) substance when used within good manufacturing practice limits (typically up to ~0.02% of a food’s fat content). At the low amounts used in foods, authorities have deemed it safe for the general population. However, propyl gallate has also drawn some scrutiny. In rare cases, it’s been implicated in allergic or asthmatic reactions (especially among people sensitive to aspirin). Some laboratory studies at very high doses have even hinted at possible hormone-related effects, though such findings are not confirmed in real-world dietary exposure. Overall, propyl gallate remains an approved food additive to extend shelf life, and most consumers encounter only minimal amounts in fast-food and packaged items.

Critical Endpoints

The key endpoints experts review in safety assessments (critical endpoints). This is not a prediction of harm.